The Old School Otaku Lounge

AMPlus, Feb 12, 1996 wrote:EVANGELION INTERVIEW

Via e-mail, I had a chance to interview the group who is putting together the translations for the Evangelion TV series, among other things. The group consists of Arale, Takagi Hiroaki, Wada Mitsuhiro, Takeuchi Shouichi, Onizuka Kentaro, and a few others who were unable to reply for various reasons. For the sake of clarity and space, the replies have been edited as necessary.


Q: Could you do a quick introduction of yourselves? For example, your name, age, and the manga and anime you like the best.

Takeuchi - "OK, I'm Takeuchi Shouichi, a male otaku, age 26. I was born in Nara, and grew up in Hyogo, Tokyo, Saitama, and Chiba. Now I live in Kyoto. Some of my favorite anime and manga are Saint Seiya, Macross 7, Aoki Ryuusei SPT Layzner, Gundam, Sailor Moon, and works by Hagio Moto and Tezuka Osamu."

Wada - "I'm Wada Mitsuhiro and I'm usually on the mailing list 'Hayao Miyazaki Mailing List - Nausicaa'. I also run the 'GETRO (Ghibli External TRade Office)', 'Literal Translation', and the 'Evangelion Web Site' Web pages, the last two of which hold the collective translated output of the group. Some of my favorite works include Nausicaa, Gunbuster, and Himechan no Ribbon."

Takagi - "My name is Hiroaki Takagi and I am 23 years old. I'm [a] student of the Science University of Tokyo. I'll graduate S.U.T. this March. In anime I like Gunbuster and Evangelion and Macross. And in manga, I like Bastard, comics of Yasunaga Kouitiro, Patlabor, and lots of other stuff."

Arale - "I'm Arale-chan, a humanoid robot. You might remember it from Dr.Slump. I cannot tell you my age, because I am feminine-typed. I have too many favorite anime and manga to to remember them all at once or pick my absolute favorite."

Onizuka - "My name is Onizuka Kentaro, and I am a 32 year-old single male. My background is molecular-bioinformatics and physics, and I am currently an engineer at Panasonic on a temporary basis. My hobbies are watching anime and linguistics. Some of my favorite anime are Gunbuster, Gall Force, Kyuuketsuki Miyu (Vampire Princess Miyu), Five Star Stories, Patlabor, and a lot of other things."


Q: When did your group start doing translations?

Onizuka - "About a year ago. When I launched the Five Star Stories E-mail Distribution list, I was very interested in classic Chinese. I first tried to write the stories of FSS in classic Chinese. That became my first time translating Japanese manga into a foreign language. Afterwards, I found that Five Star Stories was not well known to the world. So I tried to translate FSS in English. The manga version of FSS was too long for me to do on my own, so I began to translate the script of the anime version. It was not that difficult, since FSS is the story about an emperor, knights, and ladies and other such aristocratic people, so the background of FSS was rather universal to any kind of background.

"After that, I translated Gunbuster, my most favorite anime. This is when I truly realized the difficulty of translating. Gunbuster is full of Japanese cultural things (which by nature are difficult to translate), but I finished it. Since then, I've translated Miyu, Gall Force #1, Plastic Little, and an episode or two of the first Patlabor OAV."

Wada - "After Onizuka Kentaro translated Gunbuster into English and put it on rec.arts.anime, he went to the US, Italy, France and UK in the summer. While there, he bought lots of magazines and visited local anime shops. He knew that Japanese anime was introduced in small amounts and done rather poorly. He was shocked to know that most Japanese animation introduced there was centered on sex and violence."

"In August, Michael Studte came to Japan from Australia. His group in Australia did good translations of Patlabor. The people from the FSS Mailing List met him, and he showed us lots of anime magazines which he brought. I was impressed. This meeting is how Onizuka-san and I met."

"In September, Onizuka-san and I got excited talking about 'Japanese animation outside Japan'. I have been angry that the people outside Japan can see only the TERRIBLE Warriors of the Wind. We thought that we must show Japanese anime other than badly edited sexual/violent ones. So, we decided to start a translation project here in Japan."

"Onizuka-san translated Vampire Princess Miyu, Five Star Stories(FSS), Gall Force and Patlabor into English. I started 'Literal Translation Web Site' on the Internet. We don't know fluent English, so we try to translate literally. English speakers who read our translations could later do better translations based on our previous work."

"I wanted to change the situation that the anime fans are unable to deal with the anime which American distributors release slowly and often badly. I decided to translate the scripts of Neon Genesis Evangelion (which started in October) in order to make them more aware of the bad situation they are in. If I translate the scripts and send them to the fans in a week, overseas anime fans could enjoy them almost simultaneously. I thought it was a good idea. I saw Eva on Wednesday, wrote the Japanese scripts on Thursday and Friday, translated them on Saturday and Sunday, sending them onto rec.arts.anime by Sunday evening. It was very tough work for me. I spared all time I possibly could.

"Onizuka-san appealed to the anime fans on the network. Some of them joined the translation project. We started the translation Mailing List and are discussing topics there now."

Q: What was your first translation project?

Wada - "Evangelion is my first work. To be honest, English translation is stressful work for me."

Takeuchi - "Evangelion, episode 10."

Takagi - "My first translation hasn't been completed yet. It involves translating a drama from the Gunbuster CD."

Arale - "My first project has been translating some e-mail from a German anima/manga-related mailing list into Japanese for our translation group members, in order to introduce German anime/manga influences."

Q: For what personal reason are you translating Evangelion -- as opposed to Slayers, for example -- into English?

Takeuchi - "For me, it's trivial. I love anime -- especially hard, sci-fi anime. I also love 'kakkoii' (cool, neat) stuffs. Evangelion includes both."

Wada - "When I decided to start translating Eva in September, it's because I like Gunbuster and I feel that Eva is the closest to that style of anime. It was true that in the beginning I expected a lot from it, but I was afraid that it wouldn't be a good anime. When I finally saw Eva, I got very, very excited! I thought, 'Coooooool!' I wanted to really introduce Eva to the people outside Japan as best I could."

Takagi - "Because I love Eva very much and I hope more people will know and come to love Eva (like I do)."

Arale - "Because I'd like to translate it into German in future, if I have the time and the will-power."

Onizuka - "(Well,) my aim is to promote GOOD anime to the world. People outside Japan think that Japanese anime is just sex and violence. However, those sex and violence anime well known to the world are only a portion of the whole anime world. That's why I translate my favorite animes."

"(As to Evangelion,) I was influenced by Wada-kun."


Q: How much have you done so far?

Wada - "I translated episodes 1 through 5, Onizuka-san did episodes 6, 7, 9, and 10 and Takeuchi-san has done episode 8."


Q: What specific problems have you encountered while translating Evangelion?

Takagi - "It is very difficult to translate about words using in talk, or slang."

Takeuchi - "Well, because I've never lived in an English-speaking country, basic vocabulary and grammar are serious problem for me."

Onizuka - "Military jargon, and expressions based on Japanese culture."

Q: What kind of problems do you have translating Anime in general?

Takagi - "Translating expressions unique to Japanese. For example in English, it's like 'See you later alligator.' which is in Mr. Takeuchi's signature."

Onizuka - "What I've said before, as well as shortened speech, various dialects, and slang."

Wada - "I don't know 'real' English. I can only use English via the dictionary. But I have some friends who help me with translation. They help make my translations more natural. They were a great help, and I thank them very much for it. As I mentioned, English translation is stressful work for me. I got burned-out while translating episode 5. Onizuka-san did translations for me after that."


Q: What kind of time/resource commitment does it take to translate a half-hour series like Evangelion?

Wada - "I'm a slow translator, so it takes more than 10 hours for 30 minutes (of script). I'm lucky that I can use hundreds of dictionaries at work, but I really don't have enough time to consult them. I often use the 'Science and Technology Dictionary' and 'Colloquial Expressions in Dialogue Form' in addition to a general Japanese-English dictionary and the English-Japanese Electronic Dictionary. But since I have so many other things that I want or have to do, the time it takes can be a real problem."

Onizuka - "It requires 2 to 3 hours (or sometimes more) to hear and write down the script (in Japanese) from a 30-minute episode. These days, Mr. Matsuoka from the Gainax mailing list does this most tiresome job for us."


Q: Are you affiliated with Gainax at all?

Everyone - No.

Takagi - "Translation of Eva is strictly our work. Gainax isn't related to our translations."

Onizuka - "I have contact with one of GAINAX's people. (But it is) Only a slight contact on the Internet."

(Getting to more personal information...)

Q: Do you watch other anime shows, or just Evangelion?

Takagi - "I watch lots of anime -- not only Eva."

Takeuchi - "I watch Gundam W and Goldran (something kiddie), but never record them."

Arale - "In these days I don't watch any anime show, but I always watched many anime shows when I was a kid. Therefore, I know old animes much better than new ones."

Wada - "Himechan-no Ribbon, which is now being re-broadcast. No new series, though. I try to watch Power Rangers but I always miss it because I get excited about Eva being on the same day."

Onizuka - "I am very busy at the moment, So I don't get to the time to watch other anime."


Q: What other anime does your group like?

Onizuka - "Other GAINAX works and... Well, that's a difficult question. Preferences are different from one person to another."


Q: Do you collect anime or manga?

Takagi - "Why not? I have hundreds of manga and several anime."

Takeuchi - "I'm collecting manga and novels (right now). Perhaps I'll start collecting anime..."

Arale - "I'm collecting many manga. I don't know how many, though. I know only that I have 200-300 volumes of Tezuka's various manga series. I don't know about the others anymore..."

Wada - "I'm a collector of Miyazaki anime stuff. I also have three hundred shojo manga."

Onizuka - "Yes. Anime LDs."


Q: Who's your favorite author or artist?

Takagi - "In manga, I like Mamoru Nagano."

Takeuchi - "I love many authors/artists. I can't choose one person from them."

Arale - "Same here."

Wada - "Ammu -- a dojinshi artist who is not famous, and Miyazaki Hayao."

Onizuka - "Gainax and Mamoru Nagano."


Q: Is there anything that you look forward to seeing that will be coming out in the next few months?

Takeuchi - "As for anime,I'm not looking for anything, but I'm looking for more info about new sentai shows."

Wada - "No. I don't expect much. I'm happy to see Eva!"

Onizuka - "I don't have the time to check any of the new series."

Takagi - "No. In anime, I am only look forward to Eva."


Q: Finally, do you see yourself translating another series after Evangelion is over?

Onizuka - "I have a lot of animes that I wish to translate for others -- most of them are classic OAVs."

"Orguss02, Patlabor early OAVs, Mermaid's Forest, to name a few. Even though some of these have been long since translated, I will still translate them for the behalf of other fans of anime."

Takagi - "I hope I can, but it depends on what I do in the future for the company I work for."

Wada - "Heisei Tanuki Gassen Ponpoko, The Prince of the Sun, and Horus's Great Adventure."

Takeuchi - "Maybe some sentai shows. I love Saint Seiya, but it has 110 episodes..."

Arale - "Maybe. I'd like to try it if I come across any manga or anime that I like. Of course when my translation skills are more advanced, that is."


Well, that's it for now. Something else of note is that Mr. Wada has been working with a Japanese anime store called Beltran and the Yaesu Book Center Online Shop to get them to do overseas deliveries. Contact to Beltran is available via NIF00195@niftyserve.or.jp, while the Yaesu Book Center is accessible at NIF00201@niftyserve.or.jp. Both of these addresses are for information requests only. Also, Yaesu does not deal in manga.

Again, I'd like to thank all five of my "guests" for helping me with this online interview, and I wish them the best of luck in all their current and future endeavors.

-- Theo Moon

Onizuka Kentaro wrote: A few days before the departure, I happened to find an article in rec.arts.anime saying that the Anime Expo '95 would be held at Los Angeles Airport Hilton Hotel from Jun 30th to Jul. 2nd. So I sent an email to one of the organizer Mr. Mike Tatsugawa saying that I wished to participate the convention. He was kind enough to respond me saying "Ok, you can registrate at the convention." I reserved Holiday Inn Union Square San Fransisco at Jun 30th from Japan. After I arrived at San Fransisco Airport, I bought the round flight from San Fransisco to Los Angeles, and also reserved Airport Hilton for 2 nights.

In San Fransisco, I sent a package of Video casettes (180 min x 7) to an anime fan in Canada. I had a dinner at China Town, where I bought a jounal of anime published in HongKong. That was the begining of my trip. And that was the reason why I was to buy so many anime jounals in the countries I was to go.

Jul. 1st, departed from San Fransisco, and checked in Airport Hilton. I registrated to ANIME Expo.

[. . .]

The ANIME EXPO'95 was held at Los Angeles Airport Hilton from 30th Jun to 2nd Jul. That was fairly big 3 day convention inviting several animators from Japan. That was organized by SPJA (Society for the promotion of Japanese Animation). The president of the society is Mr. Mike Tatsugawa.

Using the cable TV network in the hotel, Japanese animation watching was available at each guest rooms during the 3 days of the convention. On the underground floor, anime market was held, where anime goods, books, videos, and models sold. In some halls, anime theatres were held. And press-conference of invited animators from Japan, fan's meeting, masquerade party, garage kit contest...

Since I was in San Fransisco, I don't know what was going on in the first day of the convention. From the two day's impression, the fans there were very enthusiastic. The large portion of fans are asian americans. Since the convention was held in Los Angeles, the most attendants are Californians, though there are some from U.K. and Australia. The age of attendants ranged from little children to over 50 year old people.

Someone who had been participating the convention for several years said that the most attendants had been Asian Americans years ago but now more and more non-Asian Americans. From my impression, two third of the attendants were non-Asian. Asians, particularly Chinese, Koreans and also Japanese American have an advantage of accessing Japanese Animation.

The thing that interested me first was the face expression of a chinese-american girl student of about 20 years old. She looked like a Japanese girl! She must have learned the typical face expression of Japanese girls from Anime. Putting both fists on the mouth and saying "Kyaaa," or making her eyes with full of tears "uru-uru". They are not of Americans' way of expression nor of chinese people. When Japanese animation becomes more and more popular, there might be many Japanese-like girls in the world.

In the states, most animes are distributed as video, except for broadcasted "ROBOTECH" (I will write about ROBOTECH and Macross later). Since the most of videos are available in subtitled English, Anime fans can feel the original Japanese directly. They can feel the expression of emotions from the tone and power of original language. Some fans are really learning Japanese. I met one of them. When I spoked to him in English, he replied in Japanese, "Yes, I can speak Japanese a little." He switched to English and said "Subtitled or dubbed English cannot carry the original subtle nuance. they are cut off in the process of translation."

It is only recently that the English subtitled or dubbed videos became available. Until that, Anime fans in general had to watch original Japanese Animes reading simple scripts of stories and synopses. SPJA (Society for the promotion of Japanese Animation), thus, published several books that contains those scripts, once a year at its anual convention. Still I found that a lot of animes without translation were shown in the hall.

In this sense, non-Japanese fans seem to enjoying the motion of characters. I saw many people were laughing a loud when they saw Ramma running and jumping, which did not at all amusing me, who was born and bred in Japan and used to see those motions.

Recently many commercial company began to deal with subtitled or dubbed videos. As the result quite a few translated animes are available. I bought some of the videos, "GunBuster" and "Macross. Beyond the bionoid." They correspond to "Aim for the TOP" and "Macross. do you remember love." "Macross" is dubbed, and "TOP" is subtitled.

The second day from when I participated, Haruhiko Mikimoto's fan service was held. I saw that, and found that the interpreter's translation was not exact.

And I saw "CosPlay (Costume Play) Party." In the states, it is called Masquerade Party. The participants were very enthusiastic. There was a guy who wared Gundam's mobil-suit made of wood and paper, who wan the contest. The suit was finly made, though slightly bulky because the live human was waring. There was also a guy who played Lupin III who really looked like Lupin. I was surprised at the slender man. And also I found a girl playing Sailor moon. Her hair seemed born brond and that she really became the costume. She played that all day.

At the late at night, drinking and eating sandwiches in the hotel bar, there was a couple of Japanese talking. I was interested in their conversation and finaly I joined them. They seemed to be famous invited animators. At last I knew that two of them were Mr. Yoshimoto and Mr. Urushibara who directed OAV (People don't say "OVA" in the states) series "Plastic Little." At the beginging I did not know what was "Plastic little." We talked together until midnight for almost 2 hours. # I am looking for "Plastic Little" in Japan, since the directors # wanted me to see it.

Mr. Yoshimoto said,

"There are only 40 thousand people who constantly buy OVAs. Since the payline of an OVA is about 5 thousand, only eight OVAs can survive in the market. That's too small, you know. It is even worse that in Japan Anime fans are regarded as dangerous people due to Miyazaki's continuous little girl murder and AUM. So, the market is shrinking. We have to make an OVA that must sell. This means, we cannot challenge. In the states, I was really surprised at the over 50 years eldery man having Anime printed T-Shirts. If anime market outside Japan becomes bigger, we can make far better OVAs. I am very glad to be in U.S. now. There seems not to be a prejudice against Anime fans in the states. But I am Japanese who does not actually know foreighn countries. I make anime as a Japanese. I am slightly afraind about how my works are accepted by people outside Japan. I think we have to know more about foreighn countries, and consider more about the fans outside Japan."

When I told him that I am a "Aim for the TOP (GunBuster)" fan and "The Five Star Stories" Fan, he said,

"Well, TOP was a bestseller OVA ever. When I saw it, I thought "producers have done it." However, It sold only 40 thousand. That the limitation of OVA. Same thing can be said about Five Star. There are many no-good animes. I was watching Anime channel in this hotel until this morning. There is not so many good animes. Animators cannot challenge. 90% of OVAs are no-good. You should see these no-good ones. TOP and FiveStars are best animes. Concerning the visual quality, we made much progress after TOP was released."

I said to Mr. Urushibara, "There are anime fans in Canada, one of whom I am corresponding with via Email. he really wants to see Japanese Animation, though the translated video is not at the easy access in Quebec Canada. They watch copied anime videos of bad visual quality, and after watching they discuss about the storing based on their guess."

Mr. Urushibara replied, "Then please let them know many things. You can copy videos. I don't care about copyrights now. Copyright protect will be important when the anime get the popularity. However, The most important thing now is to make people know anime. If you can translate, do as much as you can. Hmmm, In the big cities in the states, people can access many, but it may be difficult for those who live in the place far from those cities, such as in province of France, or of Canada. Well as a directors and producers of anime, we have to think more about those people who are really thirsty about anime."

Then Mr. Yoshimoto said, "But I want to know how my anime is to be translated. Harrywood movies might be changed a lot when we see those subtitled. How is it to be?" He was affraid of the sideeffect caused by the translation. Then we began to talk how we can translate "oneesama" in TOP into appropriate English word. In the subtitled GunBuster, it was translated into "big sister."

"Well, anyhow, the population of the states is twice as much as that of Japan. If eighty thousand people are to buy OVAs in the states, I will be very happy." Finally, we reached the point that we should do something to promote anime to the world.

Anyhow, the fans in the states were very enthusiastic, and wanting much information, and they are nurds. To the invited animators, fans put "sensei" to the animator's name, such that in a very polite expression like "Mikimoto sensei, I'd like to know ..." They are quite polite and respectful to the animators from Japan.

Well, I was very glad to see those scenes where there are a lot of fans of Japanese typical anime. That's wonderful! Anime is now appreciated by any kind of people of any background.

Ok, I stop to write about AX95.

Anyhow, In U.S. and in U.K., almost the same titles are available. But it was not an easy way to promote anime...

The guy who promoted Macross in the states was Carl Macek. He, who showed a love of visual art, was interested in Japanese Anime. He thought that Japanese Anime can sell well in the states. He established an Anime company "Harmony Gold." Then he knew Macross. However, He found that the American model company Revell Inc had the rights to those models in the states, and been selling them under the range name of ROBOTECH.

So he decided to sell Anime videos and promote Robotech to be on air. He negotiated with Revell and win a right to cooperate with Revell. The next problem was the number of epsodes. Macross oepisode, while it was required at least 85 epsodes in order to broadcast by major TV network. So, he merged Macross with Southern Cross and Mospeada. The main story was that of Macross, and many part of Mospeada was cut off. He changed the names of most characters in Macross in order for unready audiences who are ignorant of Japanese culture and Japan to understand and to be accustomed to Macross. He also changed the name of main mechas.

Here is the list of names changed.

Japanese Original Robotech -------------------------------------- Hikaru Ichijo Rick Hunter Misa Hayase Lisa Hayes Lynn Minmay Lynn Minmei Roy Fokker Roy Fokker Claudia LaSalle Claudia Grant Bruno J. Grobal Henry J. Global Vanessa Vanessa Kim Kim Shammie Sammie Maximilian Jiinas Max Sterling Hayao Kakizaki Ben Dixon Lynn Kaifun Lynn Kyle Miria Farina Miriya Komiria Maria Jiinas Dana Sterling Britai Kridanik Breetai Exedore Formo Exedore Kamjin Krashvera Khyron Bodolza Dolza Konda Konda Rico Rico Walera Bron Lap Lamiz Azonia Oigur Grell ---------------------------------

Recalling that Mr. Sule in Startreck was changed into Mr. Kato in Japanese Version, it seems inevitable to make such changes.

As the result, ROBOTECH has wider and longer story than Macross. Robotech was finally on air. But other macross saga, Macross II and Macross Plus were not much changed. And there are two titles existing for the theatrical version of Macross, one is "Beyond the bionoid" and the other is "Do you remember love?" The video I bought at AX95 was "Beyond" version. Recently the original Macross was introduced in the states.

The change from Macross to Robotech was not so great considering the case of Gatchaman. Nausicaa was totally changed and the title became "The Warrior in the Wind Vally" The director of Nausicaa, Mr. Miyazaki got angry with that. Recently the original Nausicaa became available as an OAV...

In U.S. SPJA's anime published years ago detailed the synopses and scripts. this suggests that years ago, it was very difficult to access translated animes in U.S.

Not all kinds of Anime are introduced to the people outside Japan. They don't actually know there are many kinds of animes. People know the Robot and Pretty girl animes, but concerning others, they don't know much about those except for famous "Ramma" and "Lamu."

In addition, even though anime videos are widely dealt with by shops in U.S. and U.K., other materials such as CDs and books of animes are not sold. In some shops, they are available but not translated.

The point is that not many Japanese problem are engaged in the promotion of Japanese Animes. The fans in each countries are struggling to distribute animes cooperating with Video Soft distributers in each country. I insist that anime distributers in Japan should do more for he promotion of animes in the market outside Japan... More over, the music distribution companies in Japan should distribute anime music CDs. If they make English version, the music will sell in the world.

The anime fans in Japan who is reading this article in fj should promote and introduce anime using network. Besides English, if there is someone who can read and write French, Italian, Spanish, and German, I hope these people to write scripts in these Languages, and post them to international networks, in order to promote Japanese animes in the world.

I realized that anime, karaoke, manga, and TV games are the big four cultural products of Japan. France has parfumes, wines, fashions, U.S. has Horrywood movies. Like these, Japanese anime will be accepted by people all over the world. In this sense, the promotion of these cultural products in the world is just contributing to the exporting of Japanese culture to the world and thus, contributing to the world culture.

usamimi wrote:Do you recall the url/pages you found these on? I'd love to see em myself!

I said to Mr. Urushibara, "There are anime fans in Canada, one of whom I am corresponding with via Email. he really wants to see Japanese Animation, though the translated video is not at the easy access in Quebec Canada. They watch copied anime videos of bad visual quality, and after watching they discuss about the storing based on their guess."

Mr. Urushibara replied, "Then please let them know many things. You can copy videos. I don't care about copyrights now. Copyright protect will be important when the anime get the popularity. However, The most important thing now is to make people know anime. If you can translate, do as much as you can. Hmmm, In the big cities in the states, people can access many, but it may be difficult for those who live in the place far from those cities, such as in province of France, or of Canada. Well as a directors and producers of anime, we have to think more about those people who are really thirsty about anime."

'Where Do You Get Subtitled Anime?', Cal-Animage Konshuu, Vol. 5, Issue 5, Fall 1995 wrote:Recently, many companies have started to translate and release anime in the US. Anime in Japan has recently seen a decline. Scott Frazier, who directs an anime studio in Japan, spoke on the subject at Anime Expo '94. According to Frazier, several anime studios have had to close down due to the financial crunch. Frazier believes that the only way for anime to grow again is for it to expand into the US. Carl Horn, a part time consultant for Manga Video, notes that the anime market in Japan has become increasingly specialized; it is targeted less and less at the mainstream Instead, anime in Japan seems to be targeted more and more towards the die-hard anime fans. Die-hard anime fans are a smaller market, so this is consistent with a shrinkage of the anime market in Japan.

So what does all this mean? It means that Japanese companies are looking at marketability in the US more and more. Therefore, fan subbers will have to watch industry carefully, or risk getting sued. In short, the "okay-ness" of fan subtitled anime will become increasingly questionable and it will all depend upon the respect of the subtitlers and fans for industry , and upon industry's tolerance of such illegal (and possibly profit damaging) activities.